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Clinical Case Report

Central Incisor Fracture

Diego Bechelli

Assessment, treatment, and remarks on a Type 1 immediate implant replacement of an upper left central incisor with a vertical root fracture. A healthy, 21-year-old male patient presented with traumatic fracture of his upper left central incisor. The patient's gingival phenotype was classified as medium. The clinical image demonstrates the characteristics of a medium phenotype with long, thin dental papillae combined with thick attached gingival tissues. The tooth had both a vertical root fracture and a horizontal fracture of the crown, resulting in exposure of the pulp and loss of root integrity.

Surgical SAC classification
Complex
Prosthodontic SAC classification
Advanced
Source
User Case
Purchase price
10 Academy Coins
CPD/CME
0.25 hours

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General information

Case Type Single-Tooth Space
Jaw Maxilla
Area Anterior
# of Teeth 1
# of Implants 1
Type of Implants One-Piece
Attachment One-Piece
Bone Augmentation No
Augmentation Materials -
Guided Surgery No
Soft Tissue Grafting None
Abutment Type Customized
Prosthesis Type FDP

Esthetic Risk Assessment

Esthetic Risk Factors Low Medium High
Medical Status Healthy Compromised
Smoking Habit Non-smoker Light smoker (< 10 cigarettes per day) Heavy smoker (>= 10 cigarettes per day)
Patient's Esthetic Expectations Low Medium High
Lip Line No exposure of papillae Exposure of papillae Full exposure of mucosa margin
Periodontal Phenotype Low-scalloped, thick Medium-scalloped, medium-thick High-scalloped, thin
Shape of Tooth Crowns Rectangular Triangular
Infection at Implant Site None Chronic Acute
Bone Level at Adjacent Teeth <= 5 mm to contact point 5.5 to 6.5 mm to contact point > 7 mm to contact point
Prosthodontic Status of Neighboring Teeth Virgin Restored
Width of Edentulous Span 1 tooth (>= 7 mm) 1 tooth (< 7 mm) 2 teeth or more
Soft Tissue Anatomy Intact Defective
Bone Volume Horizontally and vertically sufficient Horizontally deficient Deficient vertically or deficient vertically AND horizontally

  • * General SAC assessment modifiers that are also part of the ERA. To avoid redundancy they are listed in this section even if no complete ERA has been made.

  • ** Not applicable to the ERA of immediate placement cases and replaced by "Socket Integrity" listed below under "Surgical SAC Classification". For all other placement types this value is a classification determinant and listed here even if no complete ERA has been made.

Surgical SAC classification

SAC Level Complex
Defining Characteristics One missing tooth to be replaced by an implant-borne prosthesis
Modality -
Placement Protocol Immediate implant placement
Tooth Site Maxillary incisor or canine
Socket Morphology Single-root socket
Socket Integrity Sufficient, with intact bone walls
Bone Volume Sufficient, with intact walls
Anatomic Risk Low
Esthetic Risk Medium
Complexity Moderate
Risk of Complications High

Prosthodontic SAC classification

SAC Level Advanced
Defining Characteristics One missing tooth to be replaced by an implant-borne crown
Loading Protocol Conventional or early
Retention Cemented, with prosthesis margin < 3mm submucosal Cemented, with prosthesis margin < 3mm submucosal
Maxillomandibular Relationship Angle Class I and III
Mesio-Distal Space Symmetry +/- 1 mm of contra-lateral tooth
Inter-Arch Distance -
Bruxism -
Esthetic Risk Medium
Provisional Implant-Supported Prosthesis Prosthodontic margin < 3 mm apical to mucosal margin Prosthodontic margin < 3 mm apical to mucosal margin
Interim Prosthesis during Healing Fixed Fixed
Occlusion/Articulation -
Occlusal Scheme/Issues -

Surgical SAC Modifiers

Periodontal Status Healthy

Prosthodontic SAC Modifiers

Soft Tissue Contour and Volume Ideal

General SAC Modifiers

Oral Hygiene and Compliance Good
Access Adequate
Craniofacial/Skeletal Growth Completed
Publication date: Apr 3, 2017 Last review date: Mar 28, 2023 Next review date: Mar 28, 2026

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